Great excitement, many planes about, very high. Some people saw ack-ack puffs later (Olive did). I thought I heard bangs too - grand if so, though it's probably goodbye to our Red Cross parcels.
Mr G. Buchanan died suddenly. On Bowling Green. I went to Mr Carrie (W.J.) about funeral arrangements. Mr Puckle ((Director of Air Raid Precautions, my boss)) lives there too.
The first American air raid on Hong Kong and parts of it are seen by the internees.
Details of the raid:
CHINA AIR TASK FORCE (CATF): 12 B-25s and 7 P-40s, led by Colonel Merian Cooper, hit Kowloon Docks at Hong Kong; 21 aircraft intercept; 1 B-25 and 1P-40 are shot down; this marks the first loss of a CATF B-25 in combat; the Japanese interceptors are virtually annihilated; during the night of 25/26Oct 6 B-25s, on the first CATF night strike, continue pounding Hong Kong, bombing the North Point power plant which provides electricity for the shipyards; 3 other B-25s bomb the secondary target, the Canton warehouse area, causing several large explosions and fires.
M. L. Bevan reports 'great jubilation'.
Edith Hamson:
I was working in the garden...when a slick-looking American aeroplane with a deep-droning engine swooped low overhead. As I watched it pass, I jumped up and raised my arms high in the sky and cheered. Everyone around me was doing the same, the reaction spreading through the camp. Arthur appeared from nowhere, his excitement overflowing as he screamed out with delight.
The raid prompts Edith and Arthur Hamson to make plans for Christmas in liberated Hong Kong.
The raid highlights the difficult position of Dr. Selwyn-Clarke: a report from a local agent sent to the BAAG hints that he might have warned the Japanese that the planes were coming, while the Japanese themselves seem to hold him personally responsible for the attack and keep him prisoner in his office for a time. In fact, he's furious at the attempt to bomb the power station because of the effect this would have had on Stanley if it had succeeded.
Internee George W. Buchanan dies. He was held at the Mee Chow Hotel before being sent to Stanley. He'd been a consulting engineeer and marine surveyor before the war. His son, Robert, was killed in action on the first day of the hostilities. His daughter, Ina, returned to Hong Kong after the war and became private secretary to Governor Sir Alexander Grantham.
Dr. J. P. Fehily, formerly Senior Health Officer Hong Kong, and his wife, Lydia, also a doctor, leave Hong Kong for Free China via Macao and Kwang Chow Wan. Fehily was not interned as he was Irish, and Selwyn-Clarke told him to work with the Japanese, which he refused to do. He was warned by a Japanese friend that he was 'in their bad books' so planned to get away, first trying to leave as Medical Officer to the American repatriates and then through Russia. Their third attempt is successful and they arrive at Kweilin (Guilin) on November 24.
Sources:
Details of raid: http://www.pacificwrecks.com/60th/1942/10-42.html
Diary of M. L. Bevan: IWM, 523.1 (Bevan)
Edith Hamson: Allana Corbin, Prisoners Of The East, 2002, 187-188
Selwyn-Clarke prisoner: Emily Hahn, China To Me, 1986 ed., 382
Buchanan: Geoffrey Emerson, Hong Kong Internment, 1973, 271; Comendador Arthur E. Gomes, Newsletter, December 11, 2001
Fehily: BAAG document, December 18, 1942
Notes:
1. Lydia Fehily studied medicine in Vienna and Japan.
2. Brief footage of the preparations and the raid itself can be seen at
And this clearer footage shown on British Pathe, January 14, 1943 is presumbaly the same raid:
http://www.britishpathe.com/video/u-s-activities-on-many-fronts-hong-kong/query/raids
3.30 pm - HK raided
(Short)
Memorial service for OBS & CBA Upsdell ((sp?))
Death of Mr. George Buchanan (67).
On roof when sudden air raid. Loud explosions, smoke and fires at Kowloon. Great fire Lai Chi Kok way. Later about fourteen Japanese planes swept about until nightfall.
My first big air raid
My brother and I had the misfortune to be caught up in the very first air raid which the Americans launched against Hong Kong. I was five at the time, and my brother was seven. We had gone to visit a Russian family which had three daughters, each older than us.
They lived in Kowloon a few blocks away from Nathan Road. Their home was an entire flat on the top floor of a three storey block of flats. This block consisted of two sections of three stories each, joined by a party wall, with two entrances side-by-side. Our friends lived on the left-hand section of the block.
We were sitting in their dining room, idly chatting with the girls. Then, far in the distance, we began to hear explosions… quiet, rumbling ones at first, but steadily getting louder and louder. Suddenly there was an almighty crash close by and the three girls quickly jumped to their feet, and, without saying a word, they started running down the stairs towards the front entrance.
My brother and I watched in amazement as the three girls disappeared from view. We remained frozen on the sofa. Then another explosion erupted nearby and the whole flat shook. Plaster and dust rained down on us. My brother jumped up, grabbed my hand and pulled me towards the stairwell. We ran down as fast as our tiny legs could carry us.
When we arrived on the ground floor there was a noisy argument going on about the front door. Some wanted to shut the door to save us from the debris flying around outside. Others were afraid that shutting the door could cause us to die from concussion caused by the bomb blasts. The doors remained open, for better or for worse.
Across the street I saw an old Japanese woman opening the door of her house. There was a whistling sound, she looked up at the sky and quickly shut the door. The bomb hit the house and I saw the roof collapsing. Suddenly her house was just a pile of rubble.
Minutes later, we heard that hideous whistling sound again but this time, instead of an explosion, there were just four muffled thumps. We all wondered what that meant. It was only days later that we discovered that an American bomb had gone through the roof of the adjoining flats, and had then crashed through the third, second and first floors, landing without exploding onto the ground floor. The unexploded bomb lay just a few feet away from us on the other side of a thin dividing wall. My guardian angel must have been working overtime on that day.
When there appeared to be a lull in the bombing, my brother and I decided to make a dash for home. For some silly reason we thought it would be safer for us to run rather than stay with our friends. Perhaps we had had enough of the arguments in favour of closing or opening that front door.
We had just made it to the first corner when something horrific stopped us in our tracks. A motor car was burning in the street and the driver had got out. He was covered in flames and he must have been in agony, but I can't remember him screaming. All I can recall is that he was lurching silently towards us. My brother and I were like two timid mice hypnotised by a cobra. We couldn't move as he came closer and closer. Then he collapsed about 6 feet away from us and we were instantly released from his spell. We turned the corner and started running as fast as we could towards Nathan Road.
Halfway down the street, a Chinese woman jumped out of a doorway and grabbed the two of us by the collar, and quickly dragged us into the safety of her building. I turned around and saw a Japanese officer, his samurai sword slapping on his thigh, running down that same street. An American plane must have been strafing the street because the officer's stomach seemed to erupt in a mass of red. He had been hit several times in the back.
We waited there for several more minutes until the sounds of the aeroplanes and the bombs slowly faded away. When we arrived home we discovered that the area near our house had hardly been touched by the bombs. The district where the three girls lived had been the epicenter of the attack. They and their parents were obliged to live elsewhere for a few days while the unexploded bomb was safely removed.
I have no idea where the American planes had come from so early in the Pacific War since it would have been dangerous waters for a carrier task force. Perhaps they were a squadron of the Flying Tigers. The air raid came as a huge shock to the Japanese. I had mixed feelings about it because I wanted the Americans to win the war but I wasn't too happy to have their bombs dropped all around me.
Our family came through the war intact, though not without considerable hardship. During that first air raid, a family my parents knew well were walking along Kowloon Road when they received a direct hit from an American bomb. The mother, the father and the two children died instantly. A huge hole in the road was all that served as a memorial to them.
Postscript from Fanling
About 4 PM on the day of that first big air raid, we began to be worried about my father who had gone by train to Fanling, which was in the New Territories. He was in the habit of catching the same train back to Kowloon, and always used the fifth carriage. My Mother and I went to the station to find him. On the way there, close to the Peninsula Hotel, we saw a train which had been hit by bombs. To our horror, the fifth carriage had been overturned and completely destroyed.
My mother quickly realised that it was the carriage which papa always used. There were trucks driving away with dead bodies and piles of squashed vegetables. We ran to the Kowloon railway station and told the man at the information desk that we were looking for my father. The man asked us what my father had been wearing. This did not reassure us.
After searching the crowds looking for papa, we finally went home. My mother was hysterical with grief and Viacheslav and I found it impossible to console her. How was she going to bring up two young children by herself in Hong Kong during this terrible war? By that time we were utterly convinced that papa was dead.
At about 8 p.m. that evening, my father walked in through the door, carrying his two familiar rattan baskets full of vegetables. My mother promptly fainted, either from joy or because she thought he was a ghost. Papa then told us what had happened to him at Fanling.
Because my father refused to cooperate with the Japanese, it was impossible for him to obtain a normal job. His way of making money was to catch a train to Fanling, buy good fresh vegetables there, and then sell them as a hawker. He soon developed a string of loyal customers who were mainly members of various foreign consulates of neutral countries, or those which were allied to the Axis Powers. Many of these consulates were scattered around the Peak in Hong Kong.
Since the Peak Tram had stopped operating shortly after the Japanese occupation, this meant that my father had to cart his vegetables from Kowloon to the highest roads on Victoria Island. The Peak Tram was pulled by a cable and the Japanese must have decided that they could use that cable elsewhere, probably for some military purpose, so the cable was removed.
My brother and I occasionally went with him on these selling trips and tramping up and down Victoria Peak was an excellent way to keep fit. Sometimes my father would use a battered old pram to carry the vegetables and we would help him push it up the hills.
Being a creature of habit, my father always caught the same train and the same carriage to Fanling and back. On that day, after finishing his purchases, he was about to enter the carriage of his choice when a Japanese soldier challenged him and said that that carriage had been reserved for Japanese officers. When my father still tried to get on the train the soldier roughly pushed him backwards, sending him sprawling. His baskets flew open and the vegetables were scattered all over the platform.
By the time my father was able to gather up his goods, the train had pulled out of the station, much to the amusement of the Japanese soldiers. That carriage, with its precious cargo of Japanese officers, received a direct hit from an American bomb. There were no survivors. My father’s luck had held out once more.
This was just one occasion among several when my father had almost died or been killed during the war.
HK & K ((Hongkong & Kowloon)) bombed by our planes at 3.30 PM. Great excitement. At last we are convinced that our lads are near us again.
http://www.usaaf.net/chron/42/oct42.htm says:
(Tenth Air Force):
CHINA AIR TASK FORCE (CATF): 12 B-25s and 7 P-40s, led by Colonel Merian C Cooper, hit Kowloon Docks at Hong Kong; 21 aircraft intercept; 1 B-25 and 1 P-40 are shot down; this marks the first loss of a CATF B-25 in combat; the Japanese interceptors are virtually annihilated; during the night of 25/26 Oct 6 B-25s, on the first CATF night strike, continue pounding Hong Kong, bombing the North Point power plant which provides electricity for the shipyards; 3 other B-25s bomb the secondary target, the Canton warehouse area, causing several large explosions and fires.
OBJECTIVE: Reconnaissance over Canton airfields
TIME OVER TARGET: ~1:00 p.m.
AMERICAN UNITS AND AIRCRAFT: One P-43A Lancer loaned to the 75th Fighter Squadron (23rd Fighter Group) by the Chinese Air Force
AMERICAN PILOTS AND AIRCREW: 1st Lt. Joseph H. Griffin
ORDNANCE EXPENDED: None
RESULTS: 15-20 aircraft observed on the ground at White Cloud airbase
JAPANESE UNITS, AIRCRAFT, AND PILOTS: Aircraft observed on the ground
AIRCRAFT LOSSES: None
SOURCES: Original mission report in the Air Force Historical Research Agency archives at Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama
Information compiled by Steven K. Bailey, author of Bold Venture: The American Bombing of Japanese-Occupied Hong Kong, 1942-1945 (Potomac Books/University of Nebraska Press, 2019).
OBJECTIVE: Bomb targets in Kowloon and draw Japanese fighter pilots into a dogfight on terms favorable to American fighter pilots. This is the first American air strike on Hong Kong during the Second World War.
TIME OVER TARGET: ~1:30 p.m.
AMERICAN UNITS AND AIRCRAFT: Seven P-40Es from the 75th and 76th Fighter Squadrons (23rd Fighter Group), and a dozen B-25s from the 11th and 22nd Bomb Squadrons (341st Medium Bomb Group). All aircraft are from the China Air Task Force (CATF) commanded by General Claire Chennault. Col. Robert L. Scott, famed ace and author of God Is My Copilot, leads the American fighter planes. According to some sources, Warrant Officer Benjamin A. Proulx of the HKRNVR flies in the lead B-25 during this mission and points out the locations of POW camps to avoid an accidental bombing of Allied prisoners. However, the B-25 crew manifests for the raid make no mention of Proulx, who had escaped from North Point POW camp in January 1942. Multiple Canadian newspaper reports indicate that Proulx returned to Canada several months before the raid in July 1942. Some sources also state that Col. Merian C. Cooper flew on this raid, but the crew manifests do not list him among the airmen aboard the twelve B-25s. Cooper apparently played an important role in planning the first raids on Hong Kong, but did not fly on the actual missions.
AMERICAN PILOTS AND AIRCREW:
ORDNANCE EXPENDED: 500-pound bombs and 17-kg incendiary bombs, plus .50-caliber machine-gun rounds
RESULTS: Bomb damage is not significant from a military standpoint, though some Japanese military personnel are killed at Whitfield Barracks. Civilians are killed as bombs fall in vicinity of Jordan Road, Austin Road, Cameron Road, and Salisbury Road.
JAPANESE UNITS, AIRCRAFT, AND PILOTS: Ki-43s, most likely from the 33rd Sentai. Twin-engine Ki-45s from an unknown unit are also reported by American pilots.
AIRCRAFT LOSSES: One American B-25 (#03) is shot down by Japanese fighters and belly-lands near Canton. Four of the six crewmen (Allers, Lewis, Webb, and Young ) are taken prisoner by Japanese soldiers and become the first American airmen captured during a raid on Hong Kong. One P-40 is damaged and force lands in friendly territory. The Americans claim to shoot down as many as twenty Japanese fighters, but Japanese records do not indicate that any pilots were lost over Hong Kong on October 25, 1942.
SOURCES:
Information compiled by Steven K. Bailey, author of Bold Venture: The American Bombing of Japanese-Occupied Hong Kong, 1942-1945 (Potomac Books/University of Nebraska Press, 2019).