Hong Kong ( Earliest mention)

Submitted by pyktsang on

Monday 26 October 26

丙午馬年九月十七

Happy to have found a copy of  Yue Daji (粤大記), or the "Grand Record of Guangdong".

It is a late-Ming dynasty historical gazetteer compiled by Guo Fei (郭棐) between 1577 and 1595.

Its Coastal Map of Guangdong (廣東沿海圖) features the earliest known written record of the name "Hong Kong" (香港).

See attached map.

Paul Tsang

26 10 26

Hong Kong ( c 1577- 1595 Yue Daji), by pyktsang

From the map, it looks like 香港 was perhaps the name for Ap Lei Chau, or some other island off the south coast?

關於「明代《粵大記》中的香港是指現在的鴨脷洲(或香港仔、石排灣一帶)」這個觀點,歷史地理學界和後續的古籍文獻有以下幾個重要的核心佐證:
 
1. 周邊地名的相對位置對照
《粵大記》的海圖採用了傳統的「山水畫」式方位(此圖為上南下北,左東右西)。我們可以從「香港」周邊的地名來精確定位:
  • 鉄坑(鐵坑): 圖中「香港」正對面的「鉄坑」,經過歷史地理學家(如饒玖才先生)考證,即是今天黃竹坑至深水灣一帶的鐵坑山。
  • 春磑(舂坎): 「香港」左側(東面)相鄰的是「春磑」,即今天的舂坎角。
  • 赤柱、大潭: 再往左(東)走,就是「赤柱」和「大潭」。
    在地理上,正對著黃竹坑(鐵坑)、夾在舂坎角與大潭之間,且與主島相對的獨立海澳/小島,正正就是鴨脷洲與香港仔避風塘(古稱石排灣)這一帶的水域。 
 
2. 清代《廣東通志》的直接圖證(最強佐證)
到了清代雍正九年(1731年)出版的《廣東通志》中,有一幅〈輿圖.廣東海防圖〉。
  • 這幅地圖明確地將「香港」標註在一個與香港島(主島)相對、隔海相望的獨立小島上。
  • 在當時的地理構造中,這個扼守在港灣前方、作為天然屏障的小島就是鴨脷洲。這進一步印證了從明代到清初,官方與民間地圖裡的「香港」就是指這個特定的小島與其週邊港口。 
 
3. 莞香貿易的歷史背景
歷史上「香港」的得名與轉運「莞香」(土沉香)有關。 
  • 明朝時期,東莞及新安縣一帶盛產莞香,香農會將香料先運到九龍的尖沙咀(古稱香埠頭),再用小船橫渡維多利亞港,經由陸路或水路運到港島南區的石排灣聚集,最後換大船外銷。 
  • 這個位於鴨脷洲與香港仔之間的避風港(港灣狹窄如內河,極利於小船停泊與貿易),就是專門停泊「香船」的港口,因而被稱為「香港」(運香的港口)。對岸的村落後來也因此被稱為「香港村」(或香港圍,即後來的黃竹坑舊圍附近)。 
 
4. 地方志文獻的範圍演變
清嘉慶二十四年(1819年)的《新安縣志》中,記載有「香港村」。直到1841年英國人登陸香港島時,他們在南區聽到了當地漁民所說的 Heong Kong(香港),誤以為這是整座大島的名字,於是將全島統稱為 "Hong Kong"。為了識別,原本真正的「香港」反而被改稱為「香港仔」(Little Hong Kong)。 
總結來說:
不論是從《粵大記》中與鐵坑(黃竹坑)、春磑(舂坎角)的鄰近相對位置,還是清雍正年間地圖將其畫成一個獨立小島,都充分佐證了明代的「香港」其最初的核心範圍,就是指今天的鴨脷洲及香港仔避風塘這一帶的莞香貿易港灣。

Hi Phil,

That map maybe stating where "香港村/Hong Kong Village" was, which is now called Wong Chuk Hang Kau Wai (黃竹坑舊圍).

Such a map was what's put on ink for verbal descriptions of sailors of their routes along the coast.

T

 

Hi T - to my eyes it looks like the characters for HK are written on a completely separate island - centre right. I assumed HK Island proper was the large bit in the middle with Stanley and Wong Nai Chung clearly marked on it. Is that Po Toi left of centre? Interesting map all the same.

Phil

Hi Phil,

There are interpretations of the old text and maps saying the name 香港/Hong Kong does not mean the present day city, or the island back then at all.  It was just for a village.  I will try to find a suitable source when I am home.

T

Hi There,

The Chinese text posted by pyktsang dated 26th October already had a broad explanation the context.  It generally agreed with what I mentioned previously where "Hong Kong" was the name of a village.  Unfortunately there I could not find any corresponding text in English, yet.  I can do a precis while attempting to translate it.  But not today.  Just back from a long photography session and I am sort of exhausted and dehydrated.

Or you may use Google Translate.  Google Translate should be up to around 75% accurate for these tasks.  I will also try to find out if John Carroll's book had any mention about it.

T